Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in your pot over medium heat. Add the minced garlic and sauté until fragrant, about 1 minute. Stir in the cumin, chili powder, paprika, garlic powder, salt, and pepper. Let the spices toast gently for about 30 seconds to deepen their flavor.
Add 2 tablespoons tomato paste and cook, stirring, for 1-2 minutes until it darkens slightly. Pour in the crushed tomatoes and vegetable broth. Stir well to combine everything into a rich, spicy sauce.
Bring the sauce to a gentle boil. Add the elbow pasta directly into the pot. Reduce heat to medium-low and simmer uncovered, stirring occasionally, until the pasta is tender and has absorbed most of the liquid, about 10-12 minutes.
Stir in the drained kidney beans, black beans, and frozen corn. Simmer for another 5 minutes to heat everything through and meld the flavors.
Remove the pot from heat and sprinkle 2 cups shredded extra-sharp Cheddar cheese over the top. Stir gently until the cheese is melted and the sauce becomes creamy and luscious.
Dish out the Vegetarian Chili Mac into bowls and top with your choice of diced green onions, sour cream, jalapeño slices, or fresh herbs. Serve immediately for the best melty-cheesy experience.