Preheat the oven to 350°F and generously grease a 9×13-inch baking dish with cooking spray.
Bring a large pot of water to a boil and season with 2 teaspoons salt.
Add the tortellini and cook according to package directions; in the last 2 minutes of cooking, add the snap peas and sliced carrots. Drain and transfer the tortellini and vegetables to the prepared baking dish.
While the tortellini cooks, trim snap peas, peel and slice the carrot, halve the cherry tomatoes, and thinly slice the mushrooms, mini bell peppers, and summer squash.
Heat the olive oil in a skillet over medium-high heat and sauté the mushrooms, peppers, and summer squash until crisp-tender, about 5 minutes. Pour the sautéed vegetables over the tortellini in the baking dish, add the halved tomatoes and frozen corn, and gently toss to combine.
In a small saucepan over medium heat, melt the butter. Whisk in the flour and cook 1 minute to form a roux.
Slowly whisk in the vegetable stock until smooth, then gradually whisk in the milk and continue cooking until the sauce thickens.
Stir in roasted garlic powder, salt, pepper, dried basil, and Italian seasoning.
Soften the cream cheese and add it to the sauce, whisking until completely smooth and combined. Taste and adjust seasoning if needed.
Pour the cream sauce over the tortellini and vegetables, stir gently to combine, and press into an even layer. Sprinkle the grated Parmesan evenly over the top.
Bake for 20–25 minutes until heated through and the cheese is melted. If desired, broil 1–2 minutes to brown the top. Serve hot with optional basil pesto.