Preheat oven to 375°F (190°C). Line an 8 x 8-inch pan with aluminum foil, leaving an overhang for easy removal, or lightly grease the pan.
Make the crust: In a medium bowl combine 1/2 cup of the flour, 2 tablespoons of the powdered sugar, and a dash of salt. Add 4 tablespoons of the cold butter (cut into pieces). Cut the butter into the dry ingredients with a pastry blender, two forks, or a food processor until the mixture resembles coarse crumbs with pea-sized pieces.
Press the crust mixture evenly into the bottom of the prepared 8 x 8-inch pan. Use your hands or the bottom of a measuring cup to compact it firmly and evenly.
Bake the crust for 10–12 minutes, or until it is just starting to brown at the edges. Remove from the oven and leave the oven on.
While the crust bakes, make the streusel: In a small bowl combine the remaining 1/4 cup flour and the remaining 2 tablespoons powdered sugar. Add the remaining 2 tablespoons cold butter (cut into pieces) and cut it in with a pastry blender, forks, or a few quick pulses in a food processor until the mixture is crumbly.
When the crust is done, evenly sprinkle the streusel mixture over the hot crust.
Return the pan to the oven and bake an additional 25–30 minutes, or until the streusel topping is golden brown and set.
Remove from the oven and cool completely in the pan on a wire rack. Use the foil overhang (if used) to lift the bars from the pan and cut into squares once fully cooled.