Preheat oven to 350°F (175°C). Butter and flour an 18-by-13-inch rimmed baking sheet (use additional flour for dusting the pan as needed).
In a bowl, whisk together 2 cups (284 g) all-purpose flour, 3 Tbsp (26 g) cornstarch, 1/2 tsp salt, 1/2 tsp baking soda, and 1/2 tsp baking powder. Set the dry mixture aside.
In the bowl of a stand mixer fitted with the paddle attachment, beat 12 Tbsp (170 g) unsalted butter, 1 1/2 cups (315 g) granulated sugar, and 1 tsp lemon zest on medium speed until pale and fluffy, about 3–5 minutes.
Add 4 large eggs to the butter mixture one at a time, mixing briefly after each egg until incorporated. Mix in 1 1/2 tsp vanilla extract.
Add the dry flour mixture and 1 cup (283 g) sour cream to the batter in three stages as follows: add one-third of the flour mixture and mix just until combined; add half of the sour cream and mix just until combined; add the next one-third of the flour mixture and mix just until combined; add the remaining half of the sour cream and mix just until combined; finish by adding the last one-third of the flour mixture and mix just until combined. Scrape down the bowl as needed to ensure an even batter.
Pour and spread the batter evenly in the prepared baking sheet.
Bake in the preheated oven until a toothpick inserted into the center comes out clean, about 20–24 minutes. Remove from oven and transfer the pan to a wire rack to cool completely.
Once the cake is completely cool, use a round cutter sized to your dessert cups to cut 24 rounds. Reserve any leftover cake to chill or freeze for another use.
In a medium bowl, toss 2 lbs fresh strawberries (diced) with 3 1/2 Tbsp (45 g) granulated sugar. Let the strawberries macerate at room temperature for 10 minutes.
In a large mixing bowl, using an electric hand mixer, whip 2 cups (475 ml) heavy cream until soft peaks form. Set aside (no need to clean the beaters immediately).
In a separate medium bowl, beat 6 oz (170 g) softened cream cheese until smooth. Add 3/4 cup (90 g) powdered sugar and 1/2 tsp vanilla extract, and beat until light and fluffy.
Add the cream cheese mixture to the whipped heavy cream and beat until the mixture holds stiff peaks.
Transfer the cream mixture to a piping bag fitted with a large round tip or use a spoon to portion the cream. Place 12 cake rounds into 12 tall dessert cups (one round per cup for the first layer).
Spoon a portion of the macerated diced strawberries over each cake round. Pipe or spoon a layer of the cream mixture over the strawberries.
Repeat: place a second cake round on top of the cream, add another spoonful of macerated strawberries, then pipe or spoon a final layer of cream.
Garnish each trifle with one small whole fresh strawberry (from the 12 reserved for garnish).
Serve within an hour for best texture. The cake rounds can be baked up to a day in advance and kept covered; if you do, wait to prepare the macerated strawberries and the cream mixture until just before serving.