Make the dressing: in a food processor or blender, combine 1 cup fresh strawberries, 1/4 cup balsamic vinegar, 1/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil, 1 tablespoon Dijon mustard, 1 minced garlic clove, 1/4 teaspoon salt, and 1/4 teaspoon pepper; pulse until smooth, then set aside.
Prepare the salad: in a large bowl, add 2 cups chopped cooked chicken, 4 cups chopped romaine, 2 cups chopped strawberries, 1/2 cup dried cranberries, 1/4 cup sliced red onion, 1/4 cup crumbled goat cheese, and 1/4 cup sliced almonds.
Toss the salad gently to combine all ingredients.
Dress and serve: either toss the salad with the strawberry-balsamic dressing to coat, or drizzle dressing over individual portions before serving.