Make the peanut butter cookie dough: in a large mixing bowl, cream together the 1/4 cup salted butter (softened) and the 1/4 cup granulated sugar and 1/4 cup packed brown sugar until light and combined. (If using unsalted butter, add the 1/8 teaspoon salt called for in the ingredient list.)
Add the 1/4 cup peanut butter and 1 egg to the creamed mixture and mix until combined.
Add 1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons unbleached all-purpose flour, 1/2 teaspoon baking soda, and 1/4 teaspoon baking powder to the bowl and mix until the dough is fully combined. Cover the dough with plastic wrap and set aside while you prepare the brownie batter.
Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C). Line a 9x13-inch pan with aluminum foil or parchment paper (leave an overhang for easy removal) and set the prepared pan aside.
Make the brownie batter: bring the 1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons water to a boil in a medium saucepan. Once boiling, remove the pan from the heat.
Off the heat, whisk in the 1/3 cup (1 ounce) cocoa and the 2 ounces chopped unsweetened chocolate until fully melted and smooth.
Whisk in the 4 tablespoons melted unsalted butter and the 1/2 cup plus 2 tablespoons vegetable oil until combined.
Whisk in the 2 large eggs and 2 large yolks plus the 2 teaspoons vanilla extract until the mixture is smooth.
Gently whisk in the 2 1/2 cups sugar until incorporated.
Add the 1 3/4 cups all-purpose flour and the 1/2 teaspoon salt and gently whisk until just combined; do not overmix.
Transfer the brownie batter to the prepared 9x13 pan and spread it evenly into the corners.
Drop scoops or dollops of the reserved peanut butter cookie dough evenly across the surface of the brownie batter.
Bake in the preheated 350°F oven for 30–40 minutes, or until a toothpick inserted in the center comes clean.
Remove the pan from the oven and let cool in the pan for at least 10–15 minutes before cutting.
Cut into 36 brownies by making 5 evenly spaced cuts lengthwise and 5 evenly spaced cuts crosswise to form a 6-by-6 grid.
Equipment
Mixing Bowl
Whisk
Saucepan
9x13-inch pan
Oven
Spatula
Aluminum foil or parchment paper
Notes
If using unsalted butter in the cookie dough, add 1/8 teaspoon salt as noted in the ingredient list.