Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease a 13×9-inch baking pan.
In a large bowl, cream together 1 cup butter (room temperature) and 1 ½ cups granulated sugar until light and fluffy, about 2 minutes.
Add 2 large eggs (room temperature), 1 teaspoon vanilla, and 2 cups creamy peanut butter. Mix until combined.
Add 3 cups all-purpose flour and 1 teaspoon baking powder. Mix until a firm, evenly combined dough forms.
Press about two‑thirds (2/3) of the dough evenly into the bottom of the prepared 13×9-inch pan, smoothing the surface with a spatula or your hands.
Spread 1 ½ cups jam evenly over the dough layer.
If using, sprinkle ⅔ cup coarsely chopped salted peanuts evenly over the jam.
Drop the remaining dough over the jam by teaspoonfuls, spacing them so some jam remains visible.
Bake in the preheated oven for 25–30 minutes, until the edges are golden and the topping is set.
Remove from the oven and let cool completely in the pan on a wire rack.
Dust with powdered sugar before slicing and serving.