Heat 1 tablespoon olive oil in a large high-sided skillet over medium heat.
Add the minced garlic and chopped onion and cook, stirring occasionally, until the onion is softened, about 3 minutes.
Stir in the sun-dried tomatoes and cook for about 3 more minutes until the onions are just translucent.
Add the chopped cooked chicken, chopped artichokes, kosher salt, chicken broth, and penne to the skillet; stir to combine.
Cover the skillet and cook over medium-low heat for about 12 minutes, stirring occasionally, until the pasta is tender and most of the liquid is absorbed.
Remove from heat and stir in the lemon zest, chopped basil, and shredded Parmesan until well combined.
Adjust seasoning if needed and serve hot.