Preheat oven to 350°F for a glass pan or 325°F for a dark pan.
Line a 9 x 13-inch pan with parchment paper, leaving an overhang for easy removal; set pan aside.
In a large bowl, crumble 2 cups refrigerated chocolate chip cookie dough (about 15 oz). Add 1/2 cup oats, 1 cup mini M&M's, and 1 cup Reese's peanut butter chips; stir until evenly combined.
Press the cookie-dough mixture into an even layer in the prepared pan.
Bake the crust for 10 minutes.
While the crust bakes, place 14 oz sweetened condensed milk and 12 oz semisweet chocolate chips in a microwave-safe bowl. Microwave on high for 30 seconds, stir, and continue microwaving in 30-second intervals, stirring between each interval, until the mixture is smooth and fully melted. Stir in 1 teaspoon vanilla extract.
Remove the partially baked crust from the oven. Carefully pour the warm chocolate mixture over the crust and gently spread it into an even layer with a spatula (the crust will still be soft).
Sprinkle additional mini M&M's on top as desired (reserve some before mixing the dough if you want specific topping quantity).
Return the pan to the oven and bake 15 to 18 minutes more, or until the edges and center begin to crack.
Let the bars cool completely on a wire rack, then refrigerate about 1 hour to allow the fudge to set before lifting out of the pan and cutting into bars.