Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C).
Heat the olive oil in a large skillet over medium heat. Add the chopped onion and cook, stirring occasionally, until soft, about 4–5 minutes.
Add the ground beef and cook, breaking it up with a spoon, until no longer pink. Tilt the skillet and spoon out excess rendered fat if desired.
Stir in the drained black beans, corn, Ro-tel tomatoes (with juices), taco seasoning, and beef broth. Simmer over medium-low heat until most of the liquid has evaporated, about 10–12 minutes; then remove from heat and set aside.
In a medium bowl, mix the sour cream with the drained green chiles until fully combined to make the creamy chile layer.
Assemble the lasagna in a 9" x 13" baking dish: spread one-third of the meat mixture over the bottom. Arrange a single layer of tortillas over the meat. Add another third of the meat mixture, then one-third of the shredded cheddar.
Add a second layer of tortillas, spread the sour cream and chile mixture evenly over the tortillas, then sprinkle with another third of the cheddar.
Top with a final layer of tortillas, spread the remaining meat mixture over them, and finish with the remaining cheddar cheese.
Bake uncovered for about 25 minutes, until the casserole is heated through and the cheese is melted and bubbly. Remove from the oven and let rest about 5 minutes.
Top with pico de gallo, chopped cilantro, and sliced pickled jalapeños if desired. Slice and serve warm.