Preheat your oven to 400°F (200°C). In your baking dish, place the block of feta cheese in the center. Surround it with the halved cherry tomatoes and sliced kalamata olives. Sprinkle the minced garlic, dried oregano, red pepper flakes (if using), salt, and pepper evenly over the top. Drizzle everything generously with the extra virgin olive oil.
Pop the baking dish into the oven and bake for about 30 minutes. During this time, the tomatoes will soften and burst, releasing their juices, while the feta will become creamy and slightly golden on top.
While the feta and tomatoes bake, bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to package directions until al dente. Drain the pasta, reserving about ½ cup of the pasta water for later use.
Once the baked feta and tomatoes are done, remove the dish from the oven. Using a fork or spoon, mash and stir the cheese and tomatoes together to create a creamy sauce. Add the drained pasta directly into the baking dish and toss everything together. If the sauce feels too thick, stir in a splash of the reserved pasta water until you reach your desired consistency.
Finish off your Mediterranean Baked Feta Pasta with Olives with a handful of fresh basil leaves for a pop of color and freshness. Serve immediately while warm and enjoy.