Set the Instant Pot to Sauté and add a small amount of oil to heat about 30–60 seconds.
Add the ground meat and minced onion; sauté, breaking up the meat, until mostly browned.
Add the minced garlic and cook 1 more minute until fragrant and the meat is fully browned.
Press Cancel. Remove the meat to a bowl and drain excess grease from the inner pot.
Pour ½ cup of the broth into the inner pot and scrape up any browned bits from the bottom with a spoon.
Break the spaghetti in half and layer the noodles in a criss-cross pattern in the pot to help prevent clumping.
Pour the remaining 3½ cups of broth over the noodles and gently press the noodles into the liquid as much as possible; they do not need to be fully submerged.
Top the noodles with the reserved browned meat and then pour the spaghetti sauce over everything.
Secure the lid and set the valve to Sealing. Cook on High Pressure for 5 minutes using Pressure Cook/Manual.
When the cook time ends, allow a natural release for exactly 5 minutes, then carefully quick-release any remaining pressure by moving the valve to Venting with a wooden spoon to avoid steam.
Open the lid and gently toss the noodles with the sauce until combined. Serve with Parmesan cheese if desired.