Fill a 4–5 quart saucepan about two-thirds full with water and bring to a boil over high heat.
Add the dry elbow macaroni to the boiling water and stir occasionally to prevent sticking; cook about 15 minutes until al dente (it will bake more in the oven).
Drain the pasta in a colander and rinse with cold water to stop cooking and keep it from getting mushy; set aside.
Preheat the oven to 350°F (175°C).
In the same (or a clean) 4–5 quart saucepan over medium-high heat, melt the sliced butter pats.
Whisk in the 1/4 cup all-purpose flour and cook, whisking constantly, about 2 minutes until the raw flour smell is gone.
Slowly whisk in the whole milk and heavy cream, stirring constantly to avoid lumps until smooth.
Add the salt, white pepper, smoked paprika, garlic powder, and onion powder and continue cooking, whisking, 4–5 minutes until the mixture thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon.
Reduce heat to low and stir in 1½ cups of the shredded Colby Jack, the shredded gouda, American cheese, and Parmesan until just melted; remove from heat.
Stir the cooked elbow macaroni into the cheese sauce until evenly combined.
Lightly spray a 9x13-inch baking dish with nonstick spray and pour in the macaroni and cheese, spreading evenly.
Sprinkle the remaining 1/2 cup shredded Colby Jack evenly over the top and bake 20–25 minutes until the filling is bubbly and the cheese is melted; cover with foil if desired to prevent browning.
Let rest a few minutes before serving.