Preheat oven to 350°F. Grease the bottom of a rimmed baking sheet with butter (use additional butter beyond the 2 Tbsp if needed).
Melt the 2 Tbsp unsalted butter and set it aside to brush the tops later.
Heat a large skillet over medium-high heat and add 1/2 Tbsp olive oil.
Add the 1/2 large finely diced yellow onion to the skillet and cook until softened, about 2–3 minutes.
Add 2 lb lean ground beef to the skillet. Break the beef up with a spatula, then season with 1 tsp salt, 1 tsp black pepper, and 1 tsp garlic powder. Continue cooking over medium-high heat, breaking the meat into small pieces, until no pink remains and the beef is cooked through.
Remove the skillet from the heat. Tilt the skillet and spoon off and discard any excess fat.
Stir 1/4 cup mayonnaise into the cooked beef until evenly combined.
Cut the 24 dinner rolls in half. Arrange the 24 bottom halves in a single layer on the greased baking sheet.
Place the 8 slices of medium cheddar over the bottom halves, tearing or overlapping slices as needed to cover the buns evenly.
Spread the beef-and-mayo mixture evenly over the sliced cheese on the bun bottoms, using the back of a spatula to square off the edges.
Sprinkle 6 oz shredded medium cheddar evenly over the beef layer.
Place the top halves of the rolls, cut-side down, onto the shredded cheese.
Brush the roll tops with the reserved melted butter (2 Tbsp), then immediately sprinkle 1 Tbsp sesame seeds evenly over the tops.
Bake at 350°F for 12–15 minutes, or until the cheese is melted and the tops are golden brown.
Remove from the oven and let the slider tray cool slightly before serving.