In a large bowl, whisk together 1 cup all-purpose flour, ½ teaspoon baking soda, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 3 tablespoons sugar, and ½ teaspoon salt.
In a separate bowl, whisk together 1 cup buttermilk, 1 large egg, 2 tablespoons vegetable oil, ½ teaspoon vanilla extract, and 2 teaspoons lemon zest until smooth and well combined.
Pour the wet ingredients into the dry ingredients and gently fold with a spatula until just combined. Do not overmix; a few lumps are okay.
Fold in 1 cup frozen blueberries gently, to keep them evenly distributed without bursting.
Heat a non-stick skillet or griddle over medium heat and lightly grease it. Pour ¼ cup of batter per pancake onto the skillet. Cook until bubbles form on the surface and edges look set, about 2-3 minutes. Flip and cook another 2 minutes until golden and cooked through.
Serve warm with maple syrup, butter, fresh berries, or powdered sugar.