Preheat the air fryer to 400°F (about 200°C).
Trim and separate wings into drumettes and flats if not already done, then pat them dry with paper towels.
In a large bowl, toss the wings with 1 to 2 tablespoons oil until evenly coated.
In a small bowl, combine the brown sugar (if using), sea salt, black pepper, baking powder, smoked paprika, garlic powder, onion powder, ground mustard, and cayenne (if using), stirring to mix.
Sprinkle the seasoning mixture over the oiled wings and toss until all pieces are evenly coated.
Lightly spray the air fryer basket with nonstick cooking spray and arrange a single layer of wings in the basket without crowding; work in batches if needed.
Cook the wings for 8–9 minutes, flip each wing, then cook an additional 5–7 minutes, until the skin is crisp and golden.
Remove the wings and brush each piece with barbecue sauce.
Return the sauced wings to the air fryer and cook 3–5 more minutes, or until an instant-read thermometer inserted into the thickest part reads 165°F (74°C).
Transfer hot wings to a platter and serve immediately with desired accompaniments.