Combine smoked paprika, Italian seasoning, garlic powder, crushed red pepper flakes, salt, and black pepper in a small bowl.
Pat the cod fillets dry with paper towels and generously season both sides with the spice mixture.
Heat the oil in a large cast iron pan over medium-high heat until shimmering.
Add the cod and cook 2 minutes per side, until lightly browned; remove the fillets and set aside.
Reduce heat to medium and add the butter and minced onion or shallot to the same pan; sauté 2–3 minutes until softened and lightly golden.
Add the minced garlic and cook about 30 seconds, stirring, until fragrant.
Add the halved cherry tomatoes and cook 2–3 minutes until they begin to soften, stirring occasionally.
Stir in the vegetable stock (or water), fresh lemon juice, and chopped basil, then bring the sauce to a gentle simmer and taste for seasoning, adding more salt if needed.
Return the cod to the pan and simmer 3–5 minutes more, or until the fish is opaque and flakes easily with a fork.
Garnish with additional basil if desired and serve immediately.